Nic Carter:量子计算距离破解比特币仅剩「工程性难题」,170万枚比特币面临被攻击风险
BlockBeats 消息,12 月 20 日,智能合约之父、Castle Island Ventures 联合创始人 Nic Carter 发布长文表示,著名量子理论家和学者斯科特·阿伦森(Scott Aaronson)研究显示,量子计算距离破解比特币仅仅是一个「极其困难」的工程难题,而不是需要新的基础物理学发现。
Nic Carter 指出,理论上,比特币可以进行软分叉,并采用「后量子」(PQ)签名方案。目前确实存在一些抗量子加密签名方案。但主要问题在于如何确定具体的后量子方案、组织软分叉,以及如何费力地将数千万个拥有余额的地址全部迁移过去。因此,比特币防范量子计算破解所需的缓解措施可能需要近十年时间。
此外,由于大量易受攻击的比特币都存放在废弃地址中,而这些地址的所有者根本无法被强制转移他们的比特币,因此即使比特币升级到后量子签名,它仍然面临着 170 万枚比特币被量子攻击者突然窃取的风险。比特币不仅需要以有序且及时的方式进行升级,而且比特币持有者还必须集体同意扣押这 170 万枚比特币才能消除这种风险——这在比特币历史上是前所未有的。
由此,Nic Carter 敦促并呼吁比特币社区和开发者尽快采取缓解措施,而不是用冷漠和过分乐观的态度看待量子计算威胁。
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